Monday 1 April 2019

The Fourth World: An Indian Reality by George Manuel and Michael Posluns




Leaders who call their people apathetic because there is too little response to their leadership are likely pointing in the wrong direction.


There is no single Trail of Tears that can be drawn on Canadian maps as it must be drawn for the Cherokee Nation.  We were not banished from our land.  It is as though the land was moved from under us.



It had been estimated that the average European at the time of Columbus was five feet tall.  One out of ten Europeans in those days was deformed in some way due to insufficient diet. … At that time North American Indians were cultivating 600 different types of corn; all the different kinds of beans know today (except horse and soy beans, which came from China); potatoes; peanuts; and a host of other foodstuffs…. East Coast Indians taught Europeans to enjoy such dishes as clam chowder, oyster stew, baked pumpkin, cranberry sauce, and popcorn, and introduced them to squash, celery, buckwheat, maple sugar, pepper, chocolate, and tapioca. … If our instruments of war had been as highly developed as our social structures, our agriculture, and our medicine, the result might have been still different again.



At this point in our struggle for survival, the Indigenous peoples of North America are entitled to declare a victory.  We have survived.  If others have also prospered on our land, let it stand as a sign between us that the Mother Earth can be good to all her children without confusing one with another.  It is a myth of European warfare that one man’s victory require another’s defeat.



 The fact of the matter is that there was never a time since the beginning of colonial conquest when Indian people were not resisting the destructive forces besetting us: the state through the Indian agent; the church through the priests; the church and state through the schools; the state of industry through the traders.